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1.
Can J Public Health ; 115(Suppl 1): 114-125, 2024 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36689126

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Stemming from historical traumas and changes in the Inuit way of life, substance use and its intertwined problems are a major cause of concern for Nunavimmiut. This study's objective is to investigate sociocultural determinants of substance use and misuse to inform culturally appropriate public health programs. METHODS: The 2017 Qanuilirpitaa? survey was conducted among a sample intended to be representative of Nunavimmiut aged 16 and over (total n = 1326). Sociocultural factors included cultural identity, land-based activities, involvement in community activities, social support, and family and community cohesion. The frequency of binge drinking (5 or more drinks on one occasion), cannabis use, and problematic substance use (CAGE and DAST-10) were documented. Data were analyzed using weighted multivariate logistic regressions. Inuit partners were involved from the planning of analyses to the co-interpretation of results. RESULTS: Nearly a third of Nunavimmiut aged 16 and over reported binge drinking at least once a week (29.3%), and 68.6% of drinkers were at risk of potential drinking problems. Forty-five percent (45%) reported using cannabis at least once a week, and 30% of drug users were at risk of potential drug abuse problems. Volunteering and participation in community activities were associated with lower odds of cannabis use, as was frequently going on the land with weekly binge drinking, potential drinking problems, and weekly cannabis use. Social support and community cohesion were associated with higher odds of weekly binge drinking, as was cultural identity (centrality scale) with potential drinking problems. CONCLUSION: Key determinants of substance use relevant to Inuit culture were identified. Results are in line with our Inuit partners' experience in their communities and are coherent with current land-based interventions implemented in Nunavik. A thorough understanding of substance use contexts and related stressors should guide the content and implementation of substance use programs in Nunavik.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Suite aux traumas historiques et changements au mode de vie, l'usage de substance et les problèmes associés sont une source d'inquiétude majeure pour les Nunavimmiut. L'objectif de cette étude est d'investiguer les déterminants socioculturels de l'usage de substances pour adapter les programmes de santé publique à la culture Inuit. MéTHODES: L'enquête Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 repose sur un échantillon sélectionné pour être représentatif des Nunavimmiut (16 ans et plus; n = 1 326). Les déterminants socioculturels incluent : identité culturelle, activités sur le territoire, activités communautaires, support social, cohésion familiale et communautaire. La fréquence de consommation excessive d'alcool (5 consommations ou plus), l'usage du cannabis et l'usage problématique (CAGE et DAST-10) ont été documentés. Données analysées par régression multiple pondérée. Nos partenaires Inuit ont été impliqués de la planification des analyses à la co-interprétation des résultats. RéSULTATS: Près du tiers des Nunavimmiut de 16 ans et plus ont rapporté une consommation hebdomadaire excessive d'alcool (29,3 %) et 68,6 % de ceux consommant de l'alcool étaient potentiellement à risque de consommation problématique. Quarante-cinq pourcent (45 %) ont rapporté consommer du cannabis au moins une fois par semaine et 30 % des consommateurs de drogue étaient à risque de consommation potentiellement problématique. Le bénévolat et la participation aux activités communautaires étaient associés à une cote plus faible d'usage de cannabis, tout comme la pratique fréquente d'activités sur le territoire avec la consommation hebdomadaire excessive d'alcool, d'usage potentiellement problématique d'alcool et d'usage hebdomadaire de cannabis. Le support social et la cohésion communautaire étaient associés à une cote plus élevée de consommation excessive hebdomadaire d'alcool, tout comme l'identité culturelle (centralité) avec l'usage potentiellement problématique d'alcool. CONCLUSION: Des déterminants clés de l'usage de substance spécifiques aux Inuit ont été identifiés. Les résultats concordent avec le vécu de nos partenaires dans leurs communautés et le cadre théorique d'interventions déjà implémentées impliquant des activités sur le territoire et de guérison. Les contextes de consommation et les stresseurs associés devraient guider l'élaboration des programmes au Nunavik.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Cannabis , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Etanol , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia
2.
Can J Public Health ; 115(Suppl 1): 97-113, 2024 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37079263

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Distress and associated health problems reported by Nunavik Inuit emanate from heterogeneous roots, including adverse childhood experiences. This study aims to (1) identify distinct childhood adversity profiles and (2) examine associations between these profiles and sex, socioeconomic characteristics, social support, and community involvement among Nunavimmiut. METHODS: In a sample of 1109 adult Nunavimmiut, sex, socioeconomic characteristics, support, community involvement, residential school attendance, and 10 forms of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were documented using questionnaires. Latent class analyses and weighted comparisons were performed for three subgroups: 18-49 years; 50 years and above with experience of residential school; and 50 years and above without experience of residential school. The analysis design, the manuscript drafts, and the key findings were discussed and co-interpreted with the collaboration of community representatives, taking into consideration Inuit culture and needs. RESULTS: A total of 77.6% of Nunavimmiut reported having experienced at least one form of childhood adversity. Three ACE profiles were identified among the 18-49-year-olds: low ACEs (43.0%), household stressors (30.7%), and multiple ACEs (26.3%). Two profiles characterized ACEs experienced among the 50-year-olds and over with and without history of residential schooling: low ACEs (80.1% and 77.2%, respectively) and multiple ACEs (19.9% and 22.8%, respectively). Among the group of 18-49-year-olds, as compared to the low ACE profile, the profile with household stressors included proportionally more women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5) and was associated with lower involvement in volunteering and community activities (mean score reduced by 0.29 standard deviation [SD]) and lower family cohesion (SD = - 0.11), while the multiple ACE profile was related to a lower rate of employment (OR = 0.62), lower family cohesion (SD = - 0.28), and lower satisfaction with ability to practice traditional activities (SD = - 0.26). CONCLUSION: Childhood adversities among Nunavimmiut do not occur in isolation and experiencing multiple forms of childhood adversities predicts lower socioeconomic status, support, and community involvement in adulthood. Implications for the planning of health and community services in Nunavik are discussed.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: La détresse et les problèmes de santé associés rapportés par les Inuits du Nunavik émanent de racines hétérogènes, notamment des expériences négatives durant l'enfance. Cette étude vise à : 1) identifier des profils distincts d'adversités vécues durant l'enfance; et 2) examiner les associations entre ces profils et le sexe, les caractéristiques socioéconomiques, le soutien social et l'engagement communautaire des Nunavimmiut. MéTHODES: Dans un échantillon de 1 109 adultes Nunavimmiut, le sexe, les caractéristiques socioéconomiques, le soutien, l'engagement communautaire, la fréquentation des pensionnats et 10 formes d'expériences négatives durant l'enfance (ENE) ont été documentés à l'aide de questionnaires. Des analyses de classes latentes et des comparaisons pondérées ont été réalisées pour trois sous-groupes : 18­49 ans; 50 ans et plus avec et sans expérience de pensionnat. Le plan d'analyses, les ébauches de manuscrit et les principaux résultats ont été discutés et co-interprétés avec la collaboration de représentants des communautés, en tenant compte de la culture et des besoins inuits. RéSULTATS: Un total de 77,6 % des Nunavimmiut ont déclaré avoir vécu au moins une forme d'adversité durant l'enfance. Trois profils d'ENE ont été identifiés chez les 18­49 ans : ENE faibles (43,0 %), facteurs de stress domestiques (30,7 %) et ENE multiples (26,3 %). Deux profils caractérisaient les ENE vécus chez les 50 ans et plus avec et sans antécédents de pensionnat : faibles ENE (80,1 % et 77,2 %, respectivement) et ENE multiples (19,9 % et 22,8 %, respectivement). Parmi le groupe des 18­49 ans, par rapport au profil des ENE faibles, le profil avec facteurs de stress domestiques incluait proportionnellement plus de femmes (rapport de cotes [RC] = 1,5) et était associé à une plus faible implication dans le bénévolat et les activités communautaires (score moyen réduit de 0,29 écart-type [ET]) et une cohésion familiale plus faible (ET = -0,11), tandis que le profil d'ENE multiples était lié à un taux d'emploi plus faible (RC = 0,62), à une cohésion familiale plus faible (ET = -0,28) et à une plus faible satisfaction à l'égard de la capacité à pratiquer des activités traditionnelles (ET = -0,26). CONCLUSION: Les adversités vécues en enfance par les Nunavimmiut ne surviennent pas de manière isolée et le fait de vivre de multiples formes d'ENE prédit un statut socio-économique, un soutien et une implication communautaire inférieurs à l'âge adulte. Les implications pour la planification des services de santé et communautaires au Nunavik sont discutées.


Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Participação da Comunidade , Inuíte , Inquéritos e Questionários , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Apoio Social
3.
Can J Public Health ; 2022 Nov 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36344873

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Built on the Inuit determinants approach of health, this study aimed to identify sociocultural factors associated with mental health among Inuit of Nunavik to guide programs and services. METHODS: The data were collected through the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017, a survey characterized by the involvement of several Inuit representatives. Depressive symptoms (10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, CES-D), lifetime suicide ideation and attempts, and past-year ideation were self-reported mental health indicators. Sociocultural factors represented four thematic domains: social support, community activities, traditional practices, and cultural identity. Analyses tested whether the sociocultural factors were associated with indicators of mental health using weighted multivariate regressions. RESULTS: Among the sociocultural factors considered, family cohesion and weekly hunting/fishing activities were associated with lower depression scores. Community cohesion and lower cultural identity (centrality scale) were associated with a lower likelihood of past-year and lifetime ideation while family cohesion was related to a lower likelihood of lifetime attempts. People with psychological distress (higher CES-D, suicidal ideation or attempts) were more likely to participate in healing and wellness activities. CONCLUSION: Although limited by their cross-sectional character, these analyses, based on the community component of the Qanuilirpitaa?, suggest that strengthening of family and community cohesion, and support of regular hunting and fishing deserve further attention as potential cumulative preventive avenues for Inuit mental health.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Basée sur la conception Inuit des déterminants de la santé, cette étude identifie des facteurs socioculturels associés à la santé mentale chez les Inuit du Nunavik afin de guider les programmes et les services de santé. MéTHODE: Les données proviennent de Qanuilirpitaa? 2017, une enquête ayant impliqué plusieurs représentants Inuit. Les symptômes dépressifs (échelle Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, 10 items, CES-D), les idéations suicidaires et les tentatives de suicide à vie, et les idéations au cours des derniers mois furent les indicateurs de santé mentale analysés. Des facteurs socioculturels investigués représentaient, eux, quatre domaines : support social, activités communautaires, pratiques traditionnelles et identité culturelle. Des régressions multivariées pondérées ont testé les associations entre les facteurs socioculturels et la santé mentale. RéSULTATS: Parmi les facteurs socioculturels investigués, la cohésion familiale et une pratique hebdomadaire de chasse/pêche étaient associées au score dépressif inférieur. La cohésion communautaire et une identité culturelle (centralité) plus faible s'associaient à une probabilité moindre d'idéations suicidaires à vie et au cours des 12 derniers mois; la cohésion familiale était associée à une probabilité moindre des tentatives suicidaires à vie. Les personnes rapportant une détresse supérieure (CES-D élevé, idéations ou tentatives) participaient davantage à des activités de guérison/de bien-être. CONCLUSION: Limitées par leur caractère transversal, ces analyses, inspirées du volet communautaire de Qanuilirpitaa?, suggèrent qu'un renforcement de la cohésion familiale et communautaire, ainsi qu'un soutien d'activités de chasse et de pêche régulières méritent davantage d'attention en tant qu'avenues préventives cumulatives potentielles pour la santé mentale des Inuit.

4.
Int J Circumpolar Health ; 77(1): 1541395, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30384821

RESUMO

About half of Nunavik Inuit live in overcrowded households compared to very few Canadians from the general population. Living in overcrowded households is associated with greater risks of suffering from mental health problems for Canadian adolescents. The present work aims at studying prospectively the hypothesised relationship between household overcrowding at childhood and psychological distress during adolescence among Nunavik Inuit, as well as the hypothesised relationship between these phenomena when they are both measure at adolescence. Recruited as part of the Nunavik Child Development Study, 220 participants were met at 11 years old in average and then when they were 18 years old in average. Household overcrowding was assessed using the people per room ratio. Psychological distress symptoms were operationalised at adolescence using depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. The results did not show that childhood household crowding had a long-term effect on psychological distress. An absence of moderation by sex of the association was also found in the present study. Despite those results, household crowding could be a risk factor only when in interaction with other elements related with poverty or housing or could be experienced as a difficulty for adolescents on other aspects than depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts.


Assuntos
Aglomeração/psicologia , Habitação , Inuíte/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Regiões Árticas/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , Criança , Depressão/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pobreza/psicologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Ideação Suicida
5.
Int J Circumpolar Health ; 75: 31790, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27938638

RESUMO

Teen pregnancy is depicted around the world as an important cause of health disparities both for the child and the mother. Accordingly, much effort has been invested in its prevention and led to its decline in the northern hemisphere since the mid-1990s. Despite that, high rates are still observed in the circumpolar regions. As Inuit communities have granted better understanding of teenage pregnancy a priority for the coming years, this article comprehensively reviews this multidimensional issue. By depicting current prevalence, likely determinants and possible impacts documented among Inuit of Canada, Alaska and Greenland, and contrasting them to common knowledge that has emerged from other populations over the years, great gaps surface. In some regions, the number of pregnancies per number of Inuit women aged between 15 and 19 years has increased since the turn of the millennium, while statistics from others are either absent or difficult to compare. Only few likely determinants of teenage pregnancy such as low education and some household factors have actually been recognized among Inuit populations. Documented impacts of early pregnancy on Inuit women and their children are also limited compared to those from other populations. As a way to better address early pregnancy in the circumpolar context, the defence for additional scientific efforts and the provision of culturally adapted sexual health prevention programmes appear critical.


Assuntos
Inuíte , Gravidez na Adolescência/etnologia , Adolescente , Alaska , Canadá , Cultura , Feminino , Humanos , Inuíte/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
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